Air cargo transport both in Poland and in the world is seen above all by the distance of passen­ger flights. Taking into account the above fact, it is quite often forgotten about the role of this branch of transport, in the case of transport of goods. Air cargo transport is currently a rapidly developing industry with tremendous potentia! for growth in the future. This, however, has a lot of experience and know­ledge from both the carrier and the owner of the goods in terms of technical capabilities of the aircraft, operating costs as well as knowledge of the regulations. The aim of this paper is to draw attention to the importance of cargo transport, such as cargo aviation and the analysis and assessment of the current situation with threats and barriers to development. Due to the wide scope of the subject, the problems presented in the paper have been largely given on the basis of existing airports.