The article presents the Polish Patent Office as an agency, which is licensed, according to the law, to grant the applicants the exclusive rights on the objects of industrial property protection. The author presents the genesis and conditions of creation of the basis of the Office’s activities, organization and tasks. In the article, there are also discussed the role and tasks of the experts of the Polish Patent Office, who are appointed to adjudicate on matters of the industrial property. There are also presented the conditions for obtaining the qualifications for the positions of experts, their recruitment, training, and permissions in this paper. An important aspect of the Office’s tasks, except application and registration procedures, is the activity of the board handling minor offences in the litigious matters, which settle in matters relevant to many of today’s entrepreneurs.