Research objectives and hypothesis/research questions:
The study outlines the research problem: how does the migration of Ukrainian citizens impact the Polish demographic situation in cities and rural areas in terms of state security? The aim of the study is to conduct a multidimensional comparative analysis of the number of Ukrainians in Poland, including those in cities and rural areas under temporary protection. The article presents a research hypothesis: it is assumed that migrants from Ukraine are of significant importance for the current and future demographic situation of Poland, both in cities and in the countryside, and those aged 0 to 19 will strengthen the economic sector of the country in the future.

Research methods:
The research method used in the study was source analysis.

Main results:
The demographic structure of that population stands out from the general Polish community – it is dominated by young, working-age individuals (20-49 years old), with a considerable number of children and adolescents. In total, people under 20 constitute over a million refugees, demonstrating significant educational and future professional potential. At the same time, the exceptionally low share of older people (60+) indicates that migrants from Ukraine do not pose a significant burden on the pension or healthcare systems. On the contrary, the vast majority of them are active, able to work, and ready to settle on the long-term basis.

Implications for theory and practice:
In conclusion, the influx of Ukrainian citizens under temporary protection could be an impetus for the sustainable reconstruction of Polish demographic structure. Given the irreversible trends of aging and depopulation in many regions, such an opportunity should be used wisely, benefiting both refugees and Polish society as a whole.