Research objectives and hypothesis/research questions:
The following research problem was outlined in the article: how will the population of pensioners (aged 65 and over) change in 2050 compared to 2024 in Poland and Germany? The aim of the research is to attempt to conduct a multidimensional comparative analysis of data on the population in Poland and Germany between 2024 and 2050. The following research hypothesis was put forward in the study: it is assumed that the number of people in the 65+ group in 2050 in Poland and Germany will increase by at least 7 percentage points compared to 2024.

Research methods:
The following research methods were used in the study: analysis, comparison and inference.

Main results:
Research results indicate that in Germany in 2050 the number of people over 65 years of age will increase by 7,3 percentage points of population, i.e. by 5,1 million people, and in Poland there will be an increase of 12,2 percentage points, i.e. by approximately 3,3 million people.

Implications for theory and practice:
In Poland, the population in 2050 compared to 2024 will decrease by 5 846 235 people, including 2 709 078 men and 3 137 157 women. However, in Germany, in the same period, the number of people will decrease by 4 342 493 people, including 2 220 941 men and 2 121 552 women. Children will constitute 10 588 299, i.e. 13% of the population, the group of working people will constitute 4 430 975 – 56% of the population, and pensioners will constitute 24 878 557, 31% of the population – the increase will be 7,3 percentage points of the population, i.e. by 5,1 million people.