The purpose of this article is to present and discuss the issue of social competences in the structures of the Polish Armed Forces. This article seeks to present the most important issues concerning the social competence of the armed forces’ personnel on the basis of their own research. The first part of the article presents the essence and importance of social competence in working with people. In the mainstream of the article, the results of studies were presented, which indicated the level of social competence possessed and expected in the self assessment of the commanders tested. The analysis identified a competence gap in the command staff of the Polish Armed Forces that needed to be improved. The greatest need to systematically improve their competences was identified in the following areas: leadership, building good relationships with people and teamwork, conflict management, work experience and motivating subordinates.