Labour costs constitute the important area of many-sided analyses made in the Polish economy in order to increase her effectiveness. An object of analysis of the present article are labour costs in the Polish economy in 2010-2014 years. They carried out an analysis based on data of the Central Statistical Office and concerned the following thematic areas: monthly average salary, payroll and non-pay labours cost, labour costs in various sections of the national economy and in various sectors of the property. Conclusions from conducted analysis can be used for different needs of briefly and of long-term decision-making processes, both at the micro and macro level in the economy.