ORIGINAL PAPER
Threat of Artificial Intelligence to the higher education services: statistical analyses in selected Eastern European countries
 
More details
Hide details
1
Humanitas University, Poland
 
2
Khortytsia National Educational and Rehabilitational Academy, Ukraine
 
3
AMBIS University, Czech Republic
 
4
Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu (NLU) w Nowym Sączu, Poland
 
5
University of Economics in Bratislava, Slovak Republic
 
6
Sumy State University, Ukraine
 
7
Mieszko I University of Applied Sciences in Poznan, Poland
 
 
Online publication date: 2023-12-31
 
 
Publication date: 2023-12-31
 
 
NSZ 2023;18(4):89-104
 
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
The rapid development and adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is sparking numerous discussions about the pros and threats of AI technologies. Businessmen and entrepreneurs are beginning to increasingly use AI in healthcare, marketing, hospitality, science, art and education. In turn, lawyers, science fiction authors, academics, and select AI consumer groups are urging more and more caution. AI has also entered the practices of higher education. The purpose of the publication is to provide new scientific data that can serve as a basis for evidence-based planning and forecasting, as well as for multi-level management decisions. The main hypothesis of the study is the following: there are no students who think “Artificial Intelligence is a threat to the higher education services in the nearest 5 years”. The hypotheses of the study were transformed into a pair of statistical hypotheses: the Research hypothesis and the Alternative one. The authors adopted the Customer Service Theory as the theoretical basis of the study. Therefore, they surveyed 1744 consumers of educational services (students) from 8 universities in 5 Eastern European countries. The authors used reliable standard research methods. These are literature review, questionnaire survey of respondents using cloud technologies and AI tools, graphical representation of the results and statistical analysis. The primary processing and graphical representation of the survey results showed that 23.05% of the total number of respondents thinks that AI is a threat to the higher education in the nearest 5 years. Further, the authors investigated separately the opinions of students for each group of respondents. Verification of statistical hypotheses resulted in rejection of the research hypothesis for all groups of respondents. The alternative hypothesis was accepted for each group of respondents: the number of students who think Artificial Intelligence is a threat to the higher education in the nearest 5 years is greater than zero, if random variations are not taken into account. The alternative hypothesis is accepted with a high significance level of 0.01. This means that university governments and managers can make plans and forecasts, and make multi-level management decisions based on new scientific evidence. These plans, forecasts and management decisions will be made with accurate, predictable probability. The purpose of the following study is to explore in detail the threats that students see in the application of AI in higher education.
 
REFERENCES (40)
1.
ABDELWAHAB, H.R., RAUF, A., CHEN, D., 2023. Business students’ perceptions of Dutch higher educational institutions in preparing them for artificial intelligence work environments, Industry and Higher Education, No. 37(1), pp. 22-34.
 
2.
ABRAMS, S.S., 2024. (R)evolutions of Thought: Artificial Intelligence and Education Futures, Teachers College Record, Vol. 125, No. 11-12.
 
3.
AI, 2001. Artificial Intelligence, https://www.youtube.com/watch?... (access: 16.11.2023).
 
4.
ALEKSANDER, I., 2017. Partners of Humans: A Realistic Assessment of the Role of Robots in the Foreseeable Future, Journal of Information Technology, No. 32(1), pp. 1-9.
 
5.
AL-AMOUDI, I., 2023. The politics of post-human technologies: Human enhancements, artificial intelligence and virtual reality, Organization, No. 30(6), pp. 1238-1245.
 
6.
ALYAHYAN, E., DÜŞTEGÖR, D., 2020. Predicting academic success in higher education: literature review and best practices, International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, No. 17(3).
 
7.
ALZAABI, A., ALMASKARI, S., AALABDULSALAM, A., 2023. Are physicians and medical students ready for artificial intelligence applications in healthcare?, Digital Health, No. 9.
 
8.
BULLOCK, J.B., 2019. Artificial Intelligence, Discretion, and Bureaucracy, The American Review of Public Administration, No. 49(7), pp. 751-761.
 
9.
BUSINESS STATISTICS, 2010. Textbook for the Program “Masters of Business Administration”, BUS_9641_5M, New York: Kingston University.
 
10.
CHERUVALATH, R., 2023. Artificial Intelligent Systems and Ethical Agency, Journal of Human Values, No. 29(1), pp. 33-47.
 
11.
COPPIN, B., 2004. Artificial intelligence illuminated, Burlington: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
 
12.
DAMNJANOVIĆ, I., 2015. Polity Without Politics? Artificial Intelligence Versus Democracy: Lessons From Neal Asher’s Polity Universe, Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, No. 35(3-4), pp. 76-83.
 
13.
DE GAGNE, J.C., HWANG, H., JUNG, D., 2023. Cyberethics in nursing education: Ethical implications of artificial intelligence, Nursing Ethics, No. 10.
 
14.
GADO, S., KEMPEN, R., LINGELBACH, K., BIPP, T., 2022. Artificial intelligence in psychology: How can we enable psychology students to accept and use artificial intelligence?, Psychology Learning & Teaching, No. 21(1), pp. 37-56.
 
15.
GEERLING, W., MATEER, G.D., WOOTEN, J., DAMODARAN, N., 2023. ChatGPT has Aced the Test of Understanding in College Economics: Now What?, The American Economist, No. 68(2), pp. 233-245.
 
16.
GELLAI, D.B., 2023. Enterprising Academics: Heterarchical Policy Networks for Artificial Intelligence in British Higher Education, ECNU Review of Education, No. 6(4), pp. 568-596.
 
17.
GETCHELL, K.M., CARRADINI, S., CARDON, P.W., FLEISCHMANN, C., MA, H., ARITZ, J., STAPP, J., 2022. Artificial Intelligence in Business Communication: The Changing Landscape of Research and Teaching, Business and Professional Communication Quarterly, No. 85(1), pp. 7-33.
 
18.
HOCKLY, N., 2023. Artificial Intelligence in English Language Teaching: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly. RELC Journal, No. 54(2), pp. 445-451.
 
19.
JUNGHERR, A., 2023. Artificial Intelligence and Democracy: A Conceptual Framework, Social Media + Society, No. 9(3).
 
20.
LUO, X., QIN, M.S., FANG, Z., QU, Z., 2021. Artificial Intelligence Coaches for Sales Agents: Caveats and Solutions, Journal of Marketing, No. 85(2), pp. 14-32.
 
21.
MATERNOWSKA, M., 2022. Dylematy odpowiedzialności za roboty sterowane sztuczną inteligencją, Nowoczesne Systemy Zarządzania, No. 17(3), pp. 13-24.
 
22.
MAZUR, J., WŁOCH, R., 2023. Embedding digital economy: Fictitious triple movement in the European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act, Social & Legal Studies, No. 33(1), pp. 104-123.
 
23.
OKULICZ-KOZARYN, W., 2023. Is artificial intelligence a threat to the quality of the higher educational services?, Scientific Journal of Khortytsia National Academy, No. 1(8), pp. 64-73.
 
24.
OKULICH-KAZARIN, V., ARTYUKHOV, A., SKOWRON, Ł., ARTYUKHOVA, N., DLUHOPOLSKYI, O., CWYNAR, W., 2024. Sustainability of Higher Education: Study of Student Opinions about the Possibility of Replacing Teachers with AI Technologies, Sustainability, No. 16(1).
 
25.
OKULICH-KAZARIN, V., ZHURBA, M., BOKHONKOVA, Y., LOSIYEVSKA, O., 2019. Three Scientific Facts about Ukrainian and Polish Law-students: Verification of statistical hypotheses about their Preferences of Learning at Lectures, European Journal of Contemporary Education, No. 8(3), pp. 562-573.
 
26.
PANTANO, E., SCARPI, D., 2022. I, Robot, You, Consumer: Measuring Artificial Intelligence Types and their Effect on Consumers Emotions in Service, Journal of Service Research, No. 25(4), pp. 583-600.
 
27.
PENCE, H.E., 2019. Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: New Wine in Old Wineskins?, Journal of Educational Technology Systems, No. 48(1), pp. 5-13.
 
28.
ROSENBLATT, K., 2023. ChatGPT banned from New York City public schools’ devices and networks, https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/t... (access: 12.11.2023).
 
29.
SARIDIS, G.N., VALAVANIS, K.P., 1988. Analytical Design of Intelligent Machines, Automatica, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 123-133.
 
30.
SCHIPPERS, B., 2020. Artificial Intelligence and Democratic Politics, Political Insight, No. 11(1), pp. 32-35.
 
31.
SELVAMUTHU, D., DAS, D., 2018. Introduction to Statistical Methods, Design of Experiments and Statistical Quality Control, Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
 
32.
SINGPURWALLA, D., 2015. A Handbook of Statistics: An Overview of Statistical Methods, London: Bookboon.
 
33.
SMITH, A., 1776. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, Vol. 1, London: Penguin Books, 1999.
 
34.
SUH, W., AHN, S., 2022. Development and Validation of a Scale Measuring Student Attitudes Toward Artificial Intelligence, SAGE Open, No. 12(2).
 
35.
THE MACHINE, 2022. Film fabularny, reż. C. James, https://www.youtube.com/watch?... (access: 15.11.2023).
 
36.
THE TERMINATOR, 1984. Film fabularny, reż. J. Cameron, https://www.youtube.com/watch?... (access: 13.11.2023).
 
37.
TERMINATOR 3: RISE OF THE MACHINES, 2003. Film fabularny, reż. J. Mostow. https://www.youtube.com/watch?... (access: 14.11.2023).
 
38.
VICSEK, L., BOKOR, T., PATAKI, G., 2022. Younger generations’ expectations regarding artificial intelligence in the job market: Mapping accounts about the future relationship of automation and work, Journal of Sociology, Vol. 60, No. 1.
 
39.
VIDU, C., PINZARU, F., MITAN, A., 2022. Co menedżerowie MŚP w regionie Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej powinni wiedzieć o wyzwaniach związanych z wprowadzeniem sztucznej inteligencji? – dyskusja wprowadzająca, Nowoczesne Systemy Zarządzania, No. 17(1), pp. 63-76.
 
40.
WOODS, R., DOHERTY, O., STEPHENS, S., 2022. Technology driven change in the retail sector: Implications for higher education, Industry and Higher Education, No. 36(2), pp. 128-137.
 
eISSN:2719-860X
ISSN:1896-9380
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top